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In 1996 Gregory Stanton, the president of Genocide Watch, presented a briefing paper called ''The 8 Stages of Genocide'' at the United States Department of State.〔Gregory Stanton. (The 8 Stages of Genocide ), Genocide Watch, 1996〕 In it he suggested that genocide develops in eight stages that are "predictable but not inexorable".〔〔The FBI has found somewhat similar stages for hate groups.〕 The Stanton paper was presented at the State Department, shortly after the Rwanda genocide and much of the analysis is based on why that genocide occurred. The preventative measures suggested, given the original target audience, were those that the United States could implement directly or use their influence on other governments to have implemented. In April 2012, it was reported that Stanton would soon be officially adding two new stages, Discrimination and Persecution, to his original theory, which would make for a 10-stage theory of genocide.〔http://aipr.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/genprev-in-the-news-19-april-2012/〕 In a paper for the Social Science Research Council Dirk Moses criticises the Stanton approach concluding: Other authors have focused on the structural conditions leading up to genocide and the psychological and social processes that create an evolution toward genocide. Helen Fein〔Fein, H. (1979). Accounting for genocide: Victims and survivors of the Holocaust. New York: Fre Press 〕 showed that pre-existing anti-Semitism and systems that maintained anti-Semitic policies was related to the number of Jews killed in different European countries during the Holocaust. Ervin Staub showed that economic deterioration and political confusion and disorganization were starting points of increasing discrimination and violence in many instances of genocides and mass killing. They lead to scapegoating a group and ideologies that identified that group as an enemy. A history of devaluation of the group that becomes the victim, past violence against the group that becomes the perpetrator leading to psychological wounds, authoritarian cultures and political systems, and the passivity of internal and external witnesses (bystanders) all contribute to the probability that the violence develops into genocide.〔Staub, E (1989). The roots of evil: The origins of genocide and other group violence. New York: Cambridge University Press.〕 Intense conflict between groups that is unresolved, becomes intractable and violent can also lead to genocide. The conditions that lead to genocide provide guidance to early prevention, such as humanizing a devalued group, creating ideologies that embrace all groups, and activating bystander responses. There is substantial research to indicate how this can be done, but information is only slowly transformed into action.〔(Staub, E. (2011) ''Overcoming evil: Genocide, violent conflict and terrorism'' New York: Oxford University Press. )〕 M. Hassan Kakar wrote: ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eight stages of genocide」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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